{"id":17069,"date":"2022-03-01T18:36:56","date_gmt":"2022-03-01T18:36:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/whsrn.org\/como-los-salares-en-america-del-sur-y-los-habitats-de-las-aves-playeras-se-relacionan-con-los-telefonos-inteligentes-computadores-portatiles-y-vehiculos-electricos\/"},"modified":"2022-04-01T16:37:03","modified_gmt":"2022-04-01T16:37:03","slug":"como-los-salares-en-america-del-sur-y-los-habitats-de-las-aves-playeras-se-relacionan-con-los-telefonos-inteligentes-computadores-portatiles-y-vehiculos-electricos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/whsrn.org\/es\/como-los-salares-en-america-del-sur-y-los-habitats-de-las-aves-playeras-se-relacionan-con-los-telefonos-inteligentes-computadores-portatiles-y-vehiculos-electricos\/","title":{"rendered":"Sal, Aves Playeras y Tecnolog\u00edas Inteligentes"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1537359740219{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1537371217000{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_text margin_bottom=”20″ css=”.vc_custom_1648829521119{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”]\n
Qu\u00e9 relaci\u00f3n tienen los salares y los h\u00e1bitats de las aves playeras en Am\u00e9rica del Sur, \u00a0con los tel\u00e9fonos inteligentes, los computadores port\u00e1tiles y los veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos<\/h5>\n[\/vc_column_text][mk_fancy_title tag_name=”span” color=”#53565a” size=”12″ font_weight=”bold” margin_bottom=”0″ font_family=”none” align=”center”]\n
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Por Arne Lesterhuis and Marcela Castellino<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Seamos o no conscientes de su presencia en nuestras vidas, el litio es probablemente uno de los metales m\u00e1s subvalorados. Este metal alimenta las bater\u00edas que hacen posible algunas de nuestras tecnolog\u00edas modernas m\u00e1s preciadas: los tel\u00e9fonos inteligentes y los computadores port\u00e1tiles. Tambi\u00e9n es esencial para las bater\u00edas de los autom\u00f3viles el\u00e9ctricos, por lo que en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os la demanda de litio se ha disparado. Pero, debido a la forma de extracci\u00f3n del litio, cada bater\u00eda de litio sustrae un poco m\u00e1s de los h\u00e1bitats cr\u00edticos utilizados por las aves playeras y otras especies.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cerca del 80% de las reservas mundiales de litio se encuentran en los salares en humedales de Argentina, Bolivia y Chile, una zona de los Andes conocida como el Altiplano. Se calcula que esta regi\u00f3n, apodada \u00abel tri\u00e1ngulo del litio\u00bb, contiene m\u00e1s de 100 salares ricos en salmuera de litio, un agua subterr\u00e1nea salinizada llena de litio disuelto. De esta salmuera se extrae carbonato de litio en forma de sal. A medida que aumenta la demanda de bater\u00edas de litio, el sector minero est\u00e1 m\u00e1s interesado en desarrollar operaciones dentro del tri\u00e1ngulo del litio. Es probable que la demanda aumente a\u00fan m\u00e1s a medida que los fabricantes de autom\u00f3viles el\u00e9ctricos aumenten su producci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][mk_page_section min_height=”1″ padding_bottom=”0″ sidebar=”sidebar-1″][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][mk_image src=”https:\/\/whsrn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/lithium1_earthworks_flickr.jpg” image_size=”full”][mk_fancy_title tag_name=”span” color=”#53565a” size=”12″ font_weight=”bold” margin_bottom=”0″ font_family=”none” align=”center”]\n

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Mina de litio en el desierto de sal de Salinas Grandes Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Foto: Earthworks.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/mk_fancy_title][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/mk_page_section][vc_row][vc_column][mk_padding_divider size=”20″][vc_column_text margin_bottom=”20″ css=”.vc_custom_1648830119399{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\nLas bater\u00edas de litio se consideran fuentes de almacenamiento de energ\u00eda \u00abverde\u00bb o \u00abrenovable\u00bb, y es cierto que las bater\u00edas de litio generan menos residuos peligrosos que otros tipos de bater\u00edas. Sin embargo, la extracci\u00f3n de litio tiene un costo ecol\u00f3gico y medioambiental que afecta a muchos h\u00e1bitats y especies. Las aves playeras que dependen de los h\u00e1bitats de los salares del Altiplano, son algunas de las especies m\u00e1s vulnerables al impacto de la miner\u00eda del litio.<\/p>\n

Durante sus migraciones hacia el sur y las temporadas de no reproducci\u00f3n, muchas especies de aves playeras migratorias encuentran refugio, alimento y descanso en los humedales asociados a los salares. Estas especies incluyen el Falaropo Tricolor (Phalaropus tricolor<\/em>), el Playerito de Baird (Calidris bairdii<\/em>), el Pitotoi Chico (Tringa flavipes<\/em>) y el Chorlo Dorado Americano (Pluvialis dominica)<\/em>. En estudios recientes en terreno realizados por Manomet y sus socios se ha revelado que al menos el 50% de la poblaci\u00f3n mundial de Falaropo Tricolor utiliza los humedales del Altiplano.\u00a0Estos mismos humedales tambi\u00e9n albergan un conjunto de aves playeras residentes entre las que se encuentra pr\u00e1cticamente toda la poblaci\u00f3n mundial de Chorlito Andino (Charadrius alticola<\/em>) y Avoceta Andina (Recurvirostra andina<\/em>) que se estima cuentan con menos de 10.000 aves.<\/p>\n

Las turberas y los pantanos de las mismas cuencas albergan al enigm\u00e1tico Chorlito Cordillerano (Phegornis mitchellii<\/em>), una especie de inter\u00e9s para la conservaci\u00f3n mundial, con una poblaci\u00f3n que puede llegar a los 3.000 ejemplares. Los humedales del Altiplano son tambi\u00e9n el \u00fanico lugar del mundo donde se reproducen regularmente tres especies de flamencos.
\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][mk_page_section min_height=”1″ padding_bottom=”0″ sidebar=”sidebar-1″][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][mk_image src=”https:\/\/whsrn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/lithium2_disp_diegolunaq.jpg” image_size=”full”][mk_fancy_title tag_name=”span” color=”#53565a” size=”12″ font_weight=”bold” margin_bottom=”0″ font_family=”none” align=”center”]Chorlito Cordillerano. Foto: Diego Luna Quevedo<\/em>.[\/mk_fancy_title][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/mk_page_section][vc_row][vc_column][mk_padding_divider size=”20″][vc_column_text margin_bottom=”20″ css=”.vc_custom_1648830168034{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

Para producir una sola tonelada de carbonato de litio se necesita la evaporaci\u00f3n de 500.000 galones de salmuera de litio que se recolecta en el subsuelo de las salinas. Y se prev\u00e9 que la demanda de litio alcance los 1,79 millones de toneladas en 2030. La reducci\u00f3n de las aguas subterr\u00e1neas y la consecuente p\u00e9rdida de aguas superficiales degradar\u00edan el h\u00e1bitat y alterar\u00edan los humedales, afectando las zonas de alimentaci\u00f3n y reproducci\u00f3n que utilizan tanto las aves playeras locales como las migratorias. Los contaminantes qu\u00edmicos utilizados durante el proceso de extracci\u00f3n del litio podr\u00edan entrar en el agua y concentrarse m\u00e1s con el tiempo, contaminando el ecosistema.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][mk_page_section min_height=”1″ padding_bottom=”0″ sidebar=”sidebar-1″][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][mk_image src=”https:\/\/whsrn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/lithium3_graph_statistis.jpg” image_size=”full”][mk_fancy_title tag_name=”span” color=”#53565a” size=”12″ font_weight=”bold” margin_bottom=”0″ font_family=”none” align=”center”]\nProyecci\u00f3n de la demanda mundial total de litio hasta 2030 (en 1.000 toneladas m\u00e9tricas de carbonato de litio equivalente). \u00a9Statista 2022<\/a>
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Por estas razones, la Oficina Ejecutiva de WHSRN\/RHRAP y Manomet, junto con el Grupo de Conservaci\u00f3n de Flamencos Altoandinos (GCFA) y Wetlands International, est\u00e1n priorizando acciones para promover la miner\u00eda sostenible de litio en el Altiplano. Como primer paso, a principios de 2020, m\u00e1s de 80 personas realizaron conteos de aves playeras y acu\u00e1ticas en 251 sitios de todo el Altiplano. Los datos de los conteos y la informaci\u00f3n complementaria se est\u00e1n analizando para identificar los sitios prioritarios para la conservaci\u00f3n y los actores principales en esos sitios. Como siguiente paso, la informaci\u00f3n sobre los lugares prioritarios se combinar\u00e1 con los mapas de las concesiones mineras, para informar mejor sobre los posibles impactos de la miner\u00eda del litio en la biodiversidad de los humedales y en las comunidades locales, a escala del lugar y de la cuenca. Los datos de los lugares prioritarios tambi\u00e9n se incorporar\u00e1n a los procesos y herramientas que informan (por ejemplo, las \u00c1reas Clave de Biodiversidad, KBA) sobre las salvaguardas medioambientales de las principales instituciones financieras.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][mk_page_section full_width=”true” padding_top=”25″ padding_bottom=”0″ sidebar=”sidebar-1″][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1536683611141{margin-right: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-right: 3px !important;padding-left: 3px !important;}”][mk_image src=”https:\/\/whsrn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/lithium5_wiph_arnelesterhuis.jpg” image_size=”full”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1536683620659{margin-right: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-right: 3px !important;padding-left: 3px !important;}”][mk_image src=”https:\/\/whsrn.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/lithium4_basa_shilohschulte.jpg” image_size=”full”][\/vc_column][\/mk_page_section][vc_row][vc_column][mk_fancy_title tag_name=”span” color=”#53565a” size=”12″ font_weight=”bold” margin_bottom=”0″ font_family=”none” align=”center”]\n

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Izquierda: Falaropos Tricolor con Pitotois Chicos y Tero Real Espalda Blanca (Himantopus melanurus<\/em>). Foto: Arne Lesterhuis.<\/em> Derecha: Playerito de Baird en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre del \u00c1rtico. Foto: Shiloh Schulte.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/mk_fancy_title][mk_padding_divider size=”20″][vc_column_text margin_bottom=”20″ css=”.vc_custom_1648830483477{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

Para el desarrollo de la miner\u00eda de litio de bajo impacto ser\u00e1 fundamental la concienciaci\u00f3n sobre los impactos existentes y potenciales sobre la biodiversidad y las comunidades locales (humanas). Para lograrlo, Manomet, el GCFA y Wetlands International pondr\u00e1n en marcha una estrategia de comunicaci\u00f3n para aumentar la conciencia regional y global sobre los impactos futuros y a corto plazo de la miner\u00eda de litio en los humedales del Altiplano, y el v\u00ednculo que nuestros tel\u00e9fonos inteligentes, computadores port\u00e1tiles y veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos tienen con la supervivencia de las aves playeras.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][mk_fancy_title tag_name=”span” color=”#3d4045″ size=”12″ font_weight=”400″ font_family=”none”]Foto de Portada: Miner\u00eda de litio en Chile.\u00a0 Foto: Andrew O’brien<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong>[\/mk_fancy_title][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1537359740219{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1537371217000{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_text margin_bottom=”20″ css=”.vc_custom_1648829521119{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}”] Qu\u00e9 relaci\u00f3n tienen los salares y los h\u00e1bitats de las aves playeras en Am\u00e9rica del Sur, \u00a0con los tel\u00e9fonos inteligentes, los computadores port\u00e1tiles y los veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos [\/vc_column_text][mk_fancy_title tag_name=”span” color=”#53565a” size=”12″ font_weight=”bold” margin_bottom=”0″ font_family=”none” align=”center”] Por […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17056,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[77,1,528],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-problemas-de-conservacion","category-uncategorized","category-whsrn-es"],"yoast_head":"\nSal, Aves Playeras y Tecnolog\u00edas Inteligentes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/whsrn.org\/es\/como-los-salares-en-america-del-sur-y-los-habitats-de-las-aves-playeras-se-relacionan-con-los-telefonos-inteligentes-computadores-portatiles-y-vehiculos-electricos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sal, 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